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Linux知识点六

发布时间: 2022-05-10 作者: 小文来源: 小文的个人博客

Linux

## 1.网络检测的常用工具

|||
|-|-|
|命令工具|功能说明|
|ifconfig|检测网络接口配置|
|ping|检测网络连通性|
|lsof|查看指定IP 和/或 端口的进程的当前运行情况|
|traceroute|检测到目的主机所经过的路由器|
|tcpdump|显示本机网络流量的状态|

```Bash
[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (110.242.68.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=251 time=10.2 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=251 time=10.2 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=251 time=10.2 ms
```

```Bash
[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# traceroute www.baidu.com
traceroute to www.baidu.com (110.242.68.4), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  * * *
 2  * * *
 3  * * *
 4  * * *
 5  61.49.142.153 (61.49.142.153)  1.518 ms 61.49.142.145 (61.49.142.145)  2.150 ms 61.49.142.157 (61.49.142.157)  2.990 ms
 6  202.96.13.5 (202.96.13.5)  3.408 ms 123.126.0.217 (123.126.0.217)  2.275 ms 61.148.143.41 (61.148.143.41)  3.009 ms
 7  61.149.203.205 (61.149.203.205)  4.341 ms 61.49.214.25 (61.49.214.25)  3.183 ms 123.126.0.229 (123.126.0.229)  2.944 ms
 8  219.158.11.94 (219.158.11.94)  7.615 ms * 219.158.9.174 (219.158.9.174)  6.798 ms
 9  110.242.66.190 (110.242.66.190)  9.849 ms 110.242.66.166 (110.242.66.166)  9.293 ms  9.799 ms
10  221.194.45.154 (221.194.45.154)  11.160 ms  11.086 ms 221.194.45.142 (221.194.45.142)  10.019 ms
11  * * *
12  * * *
13  * * *
14  * * *
15  * * *
16  * * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
```

```Bash
[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# netstat -an      #查看网络端口 
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:21              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:888             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8000            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
```

端口扫描 :nmap

```Bash
#需要自己安装  yum install nmap
[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# nmap 101.43.184.154

Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2022-05-10 09:13 CST
Nmap scan report for 101.43.184.154
Host is up (0.00094s latency).
Not shown: 993 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
21/tcp   open  ftp
22/tcp   open  ssh
80/tcp   open  http
443/tcp  open  https
888/tcp  open  accessbuilder
3306/tcp open  mysql
8000/tcp open  http-alt

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.74 seconds
```

## 2.字符界面网络工具

|||
|-|-|
|命令|功能|
|telnet|远程登录|
|ftp / lftp / ncftp|FTP工具|
|wget|下载文件、镜像 WEB站点|
|rsync|远程文件同步|
|ssh / scp / sftp|基于安全协议的 远程登录/远程复制/远程FTP|

## 3.RPM的基本查询

```Bash
#  查询已安装的所有软件包

[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# rpm -qa
ustr-1.0.4-16.el7.x86_64
libselinux-devel-2.5-15.el7.x86_64
libdaemon-0.14-7.el7.x86_64
libXft-2.3.2-2.el7.x86_64
```

```Bash
#  查询软件包信息

[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# rpm -qi ustr-1.0.4-16.el7.x86_64
Name        : ustr
Version     : 1.0.4
Release     : 16.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Thu 07 Mar 2019 02:39:15 PM CST
Group       : System Environment/Libraries
Size        : 285943
License     : MIT or LGPLv2+ or BSD
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Fri 04 Jul 2014 01:39:11 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : ustr-1.0.4-16.el7.src.rpm
Build Date  : Tue 10 Jun 2014 04:12:46 AM CST
Build Host  : worker1.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://www.and.org/ustr/
Summary     : String library, very low memory overhead, simple to import
Description :
 Micro string library, very low overhead from plain strdup() (Ave. 44% for
0-20B strings). Very easy to use in existing C code. At it's simplest you can
just include a single header file into your .c and start using it.
 This package also distributes pre-built shared libraries.

```

```Bash
#  查询软件包中所有文件的名称

[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# rpm -ql ustr-1.0.4-16.el7.x86_64
/usr/lib64/libustr-1.0.so.1
/usr/lib64/libustr-1.0.so.1.0.4
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4/LICENSE_BSD
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4/LICENSE_LGPL
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4/LICENSE_MIT
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/ustr-1.0.4/README

```

```Bash
##  查询磁盘上的文件是从何软件包安装的

[root@VM-24-11-centos ~]# rpm -qf /usr/lib64/libustr-1.0.so.1
ustr-1.0.4-16.el7.x86_64

```

## 4.使用 yum 命令

yum 安装、更新和删除

```Bash
yum install <package> …

yum update [package …]

yum remove <package> … 
```

yum查询

```Bash
yum search <search-term>

yum info <package>
```

检查可更新的所有软件包

yum check-update

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